Most people don’t think twice about their salivary glands — until something goes wrong. Sialolithiasis, or salivary gland stones, is a condition that can cause discomfort, swelling, and even infection. If you’ve experienced painful swelling or tenderness in your mouth or jaw, salivary gland stones could be the culprit. Here’s what you need to know about sialolithiasis, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What is Sialolithiasis?
Sialolithiasis is the formation of stones, or calcified deposits, in the salivary glands. These stones can block the flow of saliva, causing pain and swelling, especially when eating. Saliva plays a vital role in digestion, helping to break down food and keeping the mouth moist, so any obstruction can be problematic.
The condition most commonly affects the submandibular glands, located just under the jaw, but can also occur in the parotid glands near the ears or the sublingual glands under the tongue.
What Causes Sialolithiasis?
The exact cause of salivary gland stones isn’t always clear, but several factors can increase the risk:
- Dehydration: Low fluid intake may lead to thicker saliva, which is more prone to form stones.
- Reduced Salivary Flow: Certain medications or conditions that decrease saliva production increase the risk of stone formation.
- Dietary Factors: A diet high in calcium and minerals may contribute to the formation of salivary stones.
- Infections: Chronic infections in the salivary glands can lead to stone development.
- Medications: Some medications, such as antihistamines or diuretics, can decrease saliva flow, raising the risk of stone formation.
Symptoms of Sialolithiasis
Salivary gland stones can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary depending on the size and location of the stone. Common signs include:
- Swelling: Notable swelling in the affected salivary gland often accompanies pain and tenderness
- Pain: Painful sensation in the gland, typically worsens after eating when saliva production is stimulated
- Dry Mouth: A feeling of dryness and discomfort in the mouth due to reduced saliva production
- Infection: Recurrent infections in the glands, resulting in fever and pus drainage
- Difficulty Swallowing: Problems with swallowing as a result of blockage and irritation caused by the stone
- Bad Breath: Accumulation of bacteria and food debris around the stone can cause bad breath
Treatment Options
The treatment for salivary gland stones depends on the size and location of the stone. Smaller stones may be managed with conservative treatments, while larger or persistent stones may require a more involved approach.
1. Hydration and Saliva Stimulation
Increasing your fluid intake and stimulating saliva production can sometimes help move small stones through the duct naturally. Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sour candies can increase saliva flow and may help dislodge the stone.
2. Gentle Massage
A doctor may recommend massaging the affected gland or gently pushing the stone toward the duct opening. This can sometimes encourage the stone to pass on its own.
3. Warm Compresses
Applying a warm compress to the affected area can help reduce pain and swelling. Heat can also stimulate blood flow, which may assist in easing the stone out of the duct.
4. Medications
If there is an infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent it from spreading. Pain relievers may also be recommended to manage discomfort.
5. Minimally Invasive Procedures
For stones that don’t pass on their own, minimally invasive procedures may be necessary:
A sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a tiny camera and instruments to locate and remove the stone. It’s generally effective and has a shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgery.
6. Surgical Removal
In rare cases, if the stone is too large or located deep within the gland, surgery may be required to remove it. The procedure is typically performed by an ENT specialist, and recovery times vary based on the complexity of the surgery.
Prevention Tips for Salivary Gland Stones
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent salivary gland stones, some lifestyle adjustments may help reduce the risk:
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep saliva thin and flowing, reducing the likelihood of stone formation.
- Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to prevent infections and promote good oral health.
- Limit Calcium-Rich Foods: Monitor the intake of foods high in calcium or other minerals that might contribute to stone development.
- Stimulate Saliva Production: Chew sugar-free gum or enjoy sour candies to encourage natural saliva flow.
When to See a Specialist
If you’re experiencing persistent pain, swelling, or signs of infection in the mouth or jaw, it’s time to see an ENT specialist. Left untreated, salivary gland stones can lead to recurring infections or, in severe cases, permanent gland damage.
Get Personalized Treatment at Florida E.N.T. & Allergy
At Florida E.N.T. & Allergy, we understand how disruptive salivary gland stones can be. Our team of experts is here to provide comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and management options tailored to your needs. From conservative approaches to minimally invasive procedures, we’re committed to helping you find relief and restore your comfort.
Book an appointment and learn more about how we can help with sialolithiasis and other ENT-related conditions.